Flexible Work Options: Consulting, Contract Work, Self-employmentStatistic # 2167According to a 2008 Gallup survey, "only 11% of small-business owners say they plan to retire and stop working in their businesses in the long run. 40% say "they will continue to work as long as their health allows them to do so...Another 47% say they eventually plan to cut back on the work they do but maintain their involvement in their businesses." Jacobe, D. (2008). Most small business owners don't plan to "fully" retire. Princeton, NJ: Gallup Organization. Retrieved from http://www.gallup.com/poll/104866/Four-SmallBusiness-Owners-Dont-Plan-Retire.aspx Results for the total dataset are based on telephone interviews with 600 small-business owners, conducted Oct. 4-14, 2007. Other results are based on telephone interviews with 1,008 national adults, conducted April 2-5, 2007. |
Flexible Work Options: Consulting, Contract Work, Self-employmentStatistic # 1528According to analysis of the National Study of the Changing Workforce, 41% of small business owners aged 50 or older had taken at least one overnight business trip in the past three months, compared to only 17% of wage and salaried employees and 28 percent of self-employed workers had. (fig. 4, p. 8)  Bond, T. J., Galinsky, M. E., Pitt-Catsouphes, M., & Smyer, M. (2005). Context matters: Insights about older workers from the national study of the changing workforce. “This report is the first in a series of Research Highlights published by the Center on Aging & Work/Workplace Flexibility in collaboration with the Families and Work Institute that present the findings of in-depth analyses of the Families and Work Institute’s 2002 National Study of the Changing Workforce (NSCW). This first issue compares the personal characteristics, employment experiences, and attitudes of workers, 50 or more years old, who are wage and salaried employees, independent self-employed workers, and small business owners…The National Study of the Changing Workforce (NSCW) is conducted every five years. It surveys large samples of the U.S. workforce to collect information about both the work and personal lives of U.S. workers.” |
Flexible Work Options: Consulting, Contract Work, Self-employmentStatistic # 1510According the analysis of the National Study of the Changing Workforce, when compared with their younger counterparts, workers 60 or more years old are about twice as likely to own small businesses or to be self-employed.  Bond, T. J., Galinsky, M. E., Pitt-Catsouphes, M., & Smyer, M. A. (2005). Context matters: Insights about older workers from the national study of the changing workforce. The National Study of the Changing Workforce (NSCW) is conducted every five year. It surveys large samples of the U.S. workforce to collect information about both the work and personal lives of U.S. workers. The NSCW builds upon and expands the scope of the U.S. department of Labor's Quality of Employment Survey, which was discontinued following 1977 data collection. Data from the NSCW surveys (1992, 1997, 2002) are available (www.familiesandwork.org) for use by other researchers and have been extensively analyzed with many findings presented and published. Numerous reports presenting findings from different analyses of the NSCW cna be found on the website of the Families and Work Institute. |
Flexible Work Options: Consulting, Contract Work, Self-employmentStatistic # 993In 2005, 10.9% of the labor force was self-employed. In 2005, 13.0% of the labor force aged 45-54 was self-employed. In 2005, 16.9% of the labor force aged 55-64 was self-employed. In 2005, 26.3% of the labor force aged 65-74 was self-employed. In 2005, 31.8% of the labor force aged 75-84 was self-employed. In 2005, 28.3% of the labor force aged 85-94 was self employed. Havens, J. (2006). [Analysis of the U.S. Census Current Population Survey for March 2005]. Unpublished raw data. Center on Wealth and Philanthropy for the Center on Aging & Work / Workplace Flexibility. Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA "The Current Population Survey (CPS) is a monthly survey of about 50,000 households conducted by the Bureau of the Census for the Bureau of Labor Statistics. The survey has been conducted for more than 50 years. The CPS is the primary source of information on the labor force characteristics of the U.S. population. The sample is scientifically selected to represent the civilian noninstitutional population. Respondents are interviewed to obtain information about the employment status of each member of the household 15 years of age and older. However, published data focus on those ages 16 and over. The sample provides estimates for the nation as a whole and serves as part of model-based estimates for individual states and other geographic areas. Estimates obtained from the CPS include employment, unemployment, earnings, hours of work, and other indicators...They are available by a variety of demographic characteristics including age, sex, race, marital status, and educational attainment...occupation, industry, and class of worker." |
Flexible Work Options: Consulting, Contract Work, Self-employmentStatistic # 980"Workers aged 65 and older...represent a larger share of independent contractors (7.0%) than they do of workers in traditional arrangements (2.5%)." (p.27) International Longevity Center-USA. (2000). Productive Lives: Paid and Unpaid Activities of Older Americans. New York, NY: Knapp, K., & Muller, C. "Through a review of social science literature and an analysis of Census, Bureau of Labor Statistics, and other data, this paper explores how older persons in the U.S. allocate their time to different types of productive activities, and identifies the incentives and disincentives that influence this allocation." |
Flexible Work Options: Consulting, Contract Work, Self-employmentStatistic # 953According to the "Attitudes of individuals 50 and older toward phased retirement" survey conducted by the AARP, "approximately two in three (66%) workers ages 66 and older are working for someone other than themselves, and nearly one in three (32%) are either self-employed or an owner or partner in a small business or farm." (p.6) AARP. (2005, March). Attitudes of individuals 50 and older toward phased retirement. Research report. Washington, DC: Brown, K.S. Retrieved June 1, 2006, from http://www.aarp.org/research/work/retirement/Articles/attitudes_of_individuals_50_and_older_toward_phase.html "This survey of individuals ages 50 and older was designed to gauge reactions to the concept of phased retirement as outlined and to determine the extent to which phased retirement would encourage workers near traditional retirement age to remain in the workforce longer than they would have otherwise...Conducted from January 6th through January 15th 2005, the survey was fielded to panel members who were ages 50 or older...A total of 2,167 individuals participated in the survey. Of all respondents, approximately one-third were workers between the ages of 50 and 65 who plan to retire by age 65, about one-quarter were workers between the ages of 50 and 65 who plan to continue working beyond age 65, approximately one in ten were workers ages 66 or older, and the remaining one-quarter were individuals ages 50 or older who are currently retired." |
Flexible Work Options: Consulting, Contract Work, Self-employmentStatistic # 951According to the "Attitudes of individuals 50 and older toward phased retirement" survey conducted by the AARP "three in four (75%) [workers 50-65 who plan to work beyond age 65] are working for someone other than themselves, and approximately one-quarter (24%) are either self-employed or an owner or partner in a small business or farm." (p.6) AARP. (2005, March). Attitudes of individuals 50 and older toward phased retirement. Research report. Washington, DC: Brown, K.S. Retrieved June 1, 2006, from http://www.aarp.org/research/work/retirement/Articles/attitudes_of_individuals_50_and_older_toward_phase.html "This survey of individuals ages 50 and older was designed to gauge reactions to the concept of phased retirement as outlined and to determine the extent to which phased retirement would encourage workers near traditional retirement age to remain in the workforce longer than they would have otherwise...Conducted from January 6th through January 15th 2005, the survey was fielded to panel members who were ages 50 or older...A total of 2,167 individuals participated in the survey. Of all respondents, approximately one-third were workers between the ages of 50 and 65 who plan to retire by age 65, about one-quarter were workers between the ages of 50 and 65 who plan to continue working beyond age 65, approximately one in ten were workers ages 66 or older, and the remaining one-quarter were individuals ages 50 or older who are currently retired." |
Flexible Work Options: Consulting, Contract Work, Self-employmentStatistic # 1529According to analysis of the National Study of the Changing Workforce, small business owners, 50 or older, followed closely by self-employed independents, report that they have greater autonomy on their jobs than wage and salaried employees. Autonomy is defined as "control over the pace, content, and methods of their work" (p. 9, fig. 5)  Bond, T. J., Galinsky, M. E., Pitt-Catsouphes, M., & Smyer, M. (2005). Context matters: Insights about older workers from the national study of the changing workforce. “This report is the first in a series of Research Highlights published by the Center on Aging & Work/Workplace Flexibility in collaboration with the Families and Work Institute that present the findings of in-depth analyses of the Families and Work Institute’s 2002 National Study of the Changing Workforce (NSCW). This first issue compares the personal characteristics, employment experiences, and attitudes of workers, 50 or more years old, who are wage and salaried employees, independent self-employed workers, and small business owners…The National Study of the Changing Workforce (NSCW) is conducted every five years. It surveys large samples of the U.S. workforce to collect information about both the work and personal lives of U.S. workers.” |
Flexible Work Options: Consulting, Contract Work, Self-employmentStatistic # 1850Based on CPS data on self-employment, "in 2003, older workers were more likely to be self-employed than younger workers." (p. 15) The unincorported* self-employment rate for workers age 65 and older was 19.1%, compared with 11.7% for their counterparts ages 55-64, 8.7% for ages 45-54, 7.8% for ages 35-44, 5.3% for ages 25-34, and 2% or less for ages 16-24. (Table 4, p. 18) For incorporated* self-employed workers, the rates are 7.8% for ages 65 and older, 6.1% for ages 55-64, 4.8% for ages 45-54, 4.1% for ages 35-44, and 1.9% for ages 25-34. *Workers are "unincorporated self-employed" if they do not work in their own incorporated business. Incorporated self-employed workers are counted as salaried employees of their own businesses. Hipple, S. (2004). Self-employment in the United States: An update. Monthly Labor Review, 127(7), 13-23 This report uses data on current employment and unemployment from the Current Population Survey (CPS). This article discusses the CPS measurement of self-employment, addresses historical trends in self-employment, and provides an overview of characteristics of the self-employed. |
Flexible Work Options: Consulting, Contract Work, Self-employmentStatistic # 1851According to analysis of 2003 CPS data "self-employment is more common among men than women" (p. 16) in all age groups. Among "unincorporated* self-employed" workers aged 65 and older, 22.8% are males and 14.3% are females. Similarly, 14.1% of men and 9% of women ages 55-64 are unincorporated self-employed. In younger age groups, the rates are 10.5% of men and 6.8% of women ages 45-54, 8.7% of men and 6.7% of women ages 35-44, 5.9% of men and 4.6% of women ages 25-34, and about 2% of men and 1% of women ages 16-24. (Table 4, p. 18) *Workers are "unincorporated self-employed" if they do not work in their own incorporated business. Incorporated self-employed workers are counted as salaried employees of their own businesses. Hipple, S. (2004). Self-employment in the United States: An update. Monthly Labor Review, 127(7), 13-23 This report uses data on current employment and unemployment from the Current Population Survey (CPS). This article discusses the CPS measurement of self-employment, addresses historical trends in self-employment, and provides an overview of characteristics of the self-employed. |
Flexible Work Options: Consulting, Contract Work, Self-employmentStatistic # 2105According to the 2007 American Time Use Survey, "employed persons worked an average of 7.6 hours on the days that they worked... On the days that they worked, 20 percent of employed persons did some or all of their work at home, and 87 percent did some or all of their work at their workplace... Self-employed workers were more likely than wage and salary workers to have done some work at home--55 versus 16 percent." (p. 1-2) U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2008). American time use survey summary: 2007 results. Washington, DC: U. S. Department of Labor. Retrieved from http://www.bls.gov/news.release/pdf/atus.pdf This annual release of American Time Use Survey (ATUS) data focuses on the average amount of time per day in 2007 that Americans worked, did house- hold activities, cared for household children, participated in educational activities, and engaged in leisure and sports activities. |
Flexible Work Options: Consulting, Contract Work, Self-employmentStatistic # 2069According to a 2006 survey of employers, the most frequently used strategies to retain older workers are alternative work schedules (48%) and consulting assignments (42%). (p. 12) Corporate Voices for Working Families, WorldatWork, & Buck Consultants. (2006). The real talent debate: Will aging boomers deplete the workforce?. Washington, DC: Corporate Voices for Working Families. Retrieved from http://www.cvworkingfamilies.org/downloads/TalentDebate.pdf?CFID=22487671&CFTOKEN=60403015 In October, 2006, an Internet-based survey was used to evaluate the impact of an aging workforce on the American marketplace. Four hundred eighty-seven organizations contributed to the survey database. Approximately 64 percent of the responses came from companies having 1,000 employees or more, with 20 percent of the companies surveyed reporting at least 20,000 employees. The primary objective of this survey was to assess the overall degree to which respondents considered the pending retirement of "baby boomer" employees, and reduced employee availability in succeeding generations, to be a significant issue. |
Flexible Work Options: Consulting, Contract Work, Self-employmentStatistic # 2022According a 2007 analysis of Health and Retirement Survey data, among "war babies" (HRS respondents born between 1942-1947), 13% were self-employed. Of those, 59% were still on their full-time career (FTC) job, 33% moved to a bridge job, and 5% were no longer working. In comparison, among wage and salary workers, 50% were still on their FTC job, 30% moved to a bridge job, and 16% were no longer working. (Table 3) Giandrea, M. D., Cahill, K. E., & Quinn, J. F. (2007). An update on bridge jobs: The HRS war babies (Working Paper No. 407). Washington, DC: Bureau of Labor Statistics. Retrieved from http://www.bls.gov/ore/abstract/ec/ec070060.htm "This paper explores the retirement patterns of a younger cohort of individuals from the HRS [Health and Retirement Study] known as the "War Babies" These survey respondents were born between 1942 and 1947 and were 57 to 62 years of age at the time of their fourth bi-annual HRS interview in 2004." (p.2) |
Flexible Work Options: Consulting, Contract Work, Self-employmentStatistic # 1951According to an analysis of Current Population Survey data, in 2005, Americans aged 55 to 64 formed small businesses at the highest rate of any age group; 0.34 percent of adults ages 55-64 started a new business per month. Rates of entrepreneurial activity were lowest for the youngest (ages 20-34) at 0.26% and oldest (ages 65 and older) at 0.21%. Rates for adults ages 35-44 and 45-54 were 0.30% and 0.29% respectively. (Table 4, p. 6) Fairlie, R. W. (2006). Kauffman index of entrepreneurial activity: National report 1996-2005. Kansas City, MO: Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation. Retrieved from http://www.kauffman.org/pdf/KIEA_national_052206.pdf The Kaufman Index presents the percent of the population of adult non-business owners who start a business each month, using matched data from the 1996-2005 Current Population Survey (CPS) to examine changes in the rate of entrepreneurial activity in the United States over the last decade. |
Flexible Work Options: Consulting, Contract Work, Self-employmentStatistic # 1886A 2007 analysis of Census Bureau data shows that "among workers not eligible for [health insurance] benefits, 56.8 percent were employed part time, 18.3 percent had not completed the required waiting period, and 9.4 percent were employed on a contract or temporary basis." (p. 1) Fronstin, P. (2007). Employment-based health benefits: Access and coverage, 1988-2005 (Issue Brief No. 303). Washington, DC: Employee Benefit Research Institute. Retrieved February 28, 2008 from http://www.ebri.org/publications/ib/index.cfm?fa=ibDisp&content_id=3789 Data for this study come from a series of supplements to the Current Population Survey (CPS) conducted by the Census Bureau. The CPS is a nationally representative survey of the civilian noninstitutionalized U.S. population. It is the primary source of data on labor force characteristics of the U.S. civilian noninstitutionalized population. The data in this report are limited to wage and salary workers ages 18-64. Self-employed workers are not included in the analysis. |
Flexible Work Options: Consulting, Contract Work, Self-employmentStatistic # 1852According to a 2004 Bureau of Labor Statistics report, "among all workers, self-employment rates [excluding self-employed in incorporated businesses] are higher for men than for women (8.3 percent versus 5.8 percent in total), and increase with age. At ages 45 to 54, 8.7 percent of all workers are self-employed compared with 11.1 percent for those ages 55 to 64 and 19.3 percent for those age 65 and older. These age patterns hold for both men and women, and are evident for both agricultural and nonagricultural employment." (p. 26) Karoly, L. A., & Zissimopoulos, J. (2004). Self-employment among older U.S. workers. Monthly Labor Review, 127(7), 24-47. This report describes overall trends in rates of self employment through anaysis of data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the Current Population Survey, and the Health and Retirement Survey. |
Flexible Work Options: Consulting, Contract Work, Self-employmentStatistic # 950According to the "Attitudes of individuals 50 and older toward phased retirement" survey conducted by the AARP, "more than four in five (86%) workers 50-65 who plan to retire by age 65 are currently working for someone other than themselves, and 14% are either self-employed or an owner or partner in a small business or farm." (p.6) AARP. (2005, March). Attitudes of individuals 50 and older toward phased retirement. Research report. Washington, DC: Brown, K.S. Retrieved June 1, 2006, from http://www.aarp.org/research/work/retirement/Articles/attitudes_of_individuals_50_and_older_toward_phase.html "This survey of individuals ages 50 and older was designed to gauge reactions to the concept of phased retirement as outlined and to determine the extent to which phased retirement would encourage workers near traditional retirement age to remain in the workforce longer than they would have otherwise...Conducted from January 6th through January 15th 2005, the survey was fielded to panel members who were ages 50 or older...A total of 2,167 individuals participated in the survey. Of all respondents, approximately one-third were workers between the ages of 50 and 65 who plan to retire by age 65, about one-quarter were workers between the ages of 50 and 65 who plan to continue working beyond age 65, approximately one in ten were workers ages 66 or older, and the remaining one-quarter were individuals ages 50 or older who are currently retired." |
Flexible Work Options: Consulting, Contract Work, Self-employmentStatistic # 930According to the "A Work-Filled Retirement survey, "nearly 7 in 10 workers expect to continue to work full time or part time following retirement from their main job, including 15% who expect to start their own business. Only 13% expect to stop working entirely." (p.1) Reynolds, S., Ridley, N., & Van Horn, C., Ph.D. (2005, August). A Work Filled Retirement: Workers Changing Views on Employment and Leisure. Worktrends, 8.1 (Summer '05). “In this report, American workers across the nation describe their expectations of retirement and their views of how older workers are treated in the workplace…A total of 1,232 adults were interviewed for this survey. Respondents who worked full or part time, or who were unemployed and looking for work, received a complete interview. A total of 432 respondents who did not meet these criteria received a short interview that included demographic questions. The results of this report are based on a total of 800 complete interviews with members of the workforce, including 82 people who have retired from their primary job but remain in the workforce. The final results were weighted to match U.S. Census Bureau estimates for age, educational attainment, gender, and race.” |
Flexible Work Options: Consulting, Contract Work, Self-employmentStatistic # 847"Some 28% of respondents age 55-59 listed themselves as 'self-employed or business owner,' exceeded only by 34% who reported that they worked in a 'private sector business.' For 60-65 year-olds, those numbers were 36% and 27%, respectively, while 42% of 66-70 year-olds reported working for themselves, and 22% said they worked for private sector businesses." (p.14) MetLife Mature Market Institute. (2006, April). Living longer, working longer: The changing landscape of the aging workforce- a MetLife Study. New York, NY: MetLife Mature Market Institute, DeLong, D., & Zogby International. Retrieved August 10, 2006, from http://www.metlife.com/WPSAssets/93703586101144176243V1FLivingLonger.pdf "This study describes the decisions that older workers are actually making about work and retirement. It reports on their experiences more than their expectations of the journey into retirement, assuming that life stage is not defined by some date, but is rather an ongoing process… It consisted of an interactive online survey conducted by Zogby with a panel of 2,719 respondents. To qualify for the study, participants had to be between the ages of 55-70. Slight weights were added to region, race and gender to more accurately reflect the population of U.S. adults. A primary focus of the 50-question survey was to better understand the experiences and behaviors of the aging workforce, so the survey included many questions asked only of people who were still working or seeking work, either full- or part-time.” |
Flexible Work Options: Consulting, Contract Work, Self-employmentStatistic # 723“Thirty-two percent of self-employed independents and 14 percent of small business owners of all ages would prefer to have regular jobs working for someone else; however, among workers, 50 years or older, 21 percent of self-employed independents and 7 percent of small business owners would prefer to work for someone else.” (p.3) Center on Aging & Work / Workplace Flexibility. (2005, November).Context matters: Insights about older workers from the National study of the changing workforce. (Research Highlights No. 01).Chestnut Hill, MA: Bond, T. J., Galinsky, M. E., Pitt-Catsouphes, M., & Smyer, A. M. Retrieved July 31, 2006, from http://agingandwork.bc.edu/template_highlights “This report is the first in a series of Research Highlights published by the Center on Aging & Work/Workplace Flexibility in collaboration with the Families and Work Institute that present the findings of in-depth analyses of the Families and Work Institute’s 2002 National Study of the Changing Workforce (NSCW). This first issue compares the personal characteristics, employment experiences, and attitudes of workers, 50 or more years old, who are wage and salaried employees, independent self-employed workers, and small business owners…The National Study of the Changing Workforce (NSCW) is conducted every five years. It surveys large samples of the U.S. workforce to collect information about both the work and personal lives of U.S. workers.” |
Flexible Work Options: Consulting, Contract Work, Self-employmentStatistic # 722Younger wage and salaried employees were more likely than older wage and salaried employees to have plans for self-employment or having their own business: "43 percent of employees under 30 years old, 31 percent of those 30-39 years old, 20 percent of those 40-49 years old, and 14 percent of employees 50 or more years old said they planned to be self-employed or have their own business at some point.” (p.3) Center on Aging & Work / Workplace Flexibility. (2005, November).Context matters: Insights about older workers from the National study of the changing workforce. (Research Highlights No. 01).Chestnut Hill, MA: Bond, T. J., Galinsky, M. E., Pitt-Catsouphes, M., & Smyer, A. M. Retrieved July 31, 2006, from http://agingandwork.bc.edu/template_highlights “This report is the first in a series of Research Highlights published by the Center on Aging & Work/Workplace Flexibility in collaboration with the Families and Work Institute that present the findings of in-depth analyses of the Families and Work Institute’s 2002 National Study of the Changing Workforce (NSCW). This first issue compares the personal characteristics, employment experiences, and attitudes of workers, 50 or more years old, who are wage and salaried employees, independent self-employed workers, and small business owners…The National Study of the Changing Workforce (NSCW) is conducted every five years. It surveys large samples of the U.S. workforce to collect information about both the work and personal lives of U.S. workers.” |
Flexible Work Options: Consulting, Contract Work, Self-employmentStatistic # 721“26 percent of wage and salaried employees of all ages planned to be self-employed or have their own business at some time in the future as their major source of income from work.” (p.3) Bond, T. J., Galinsky, M. E., Pitt-Catsouphes, M., & Smyer, M. (2005). Context matters: Insights about older workers from the national study of the changing workforce. “This report is the first in a series of Research Highlights published by the Center on Aging & Work/Workplace Flexibility in collaboration with the Families and Work Institute that present the findings of in-depth analyses of the Families and Work Institute’s 2002 National Study of the Changing Workforce (NSCW). This first issue compares the personal characteristics, employment experiences, and attitudes of workers, 50 or more years old, who are wage and salaried employees, independent self-employed workers, and small business owners…The National Study of the Changing Workforce (NSCW) is conducted every five years. It surveys large samples of the U.S. workforce to collect information about both the work and personal lives of U.S. workers.” |
Flexible Work Options: Consulting, Contract Work, Self-employmentStatistic # 720According to analysis of the National Study of the Changing Workforce, "workers, 50 or older, are significantly more likely than younger workers to be independent self-employed workers (17 percent of older workers vs. 12 percent of younger workers) or small business owners (9 percent of older workers vs. 5 percent of younger workers) and thus, less likely than younger workers to be wage and salaried employees who work for someone else (74 percent of older workers vs. 83 percent of younger workers).” (fig. 1, p.2) Bond, T. J., Galinsky, M. E., Pitt-Catsouphes, M., & Smyer, M. (2005). Context matters: Insights about older workers from the national study of the changing workforce.
“This report is the first in a series of Research Highlights published by the Center on Aging & Work/Workplace Flexibility in collaboration with the Families and Work Institute that present the findings of in-depth analyses of the Families and Work Institute’s 2002 National Study of the Changing Workforce (NSCW). This first issue compares the personal characteristics, employment experiences, and attitudes of workers, 50 or more years old, who are wage and salaried employees, independent self-employed workers, and small business owners…The National Study of the Changing Workforce (NSCW) is conducted every five years. It surveys large samples of the U.S. workforce to collect information about both the work and personal lives of U.S. workers.” |
Flexible Work Options: Consulting, Contract Work, Self-employmentStatistic # 719“When considering workers of all ages, by far the largest proportion (80 percent) are wage and salaried employees who “work for someone else.” However, a substantial proportion of workers (20 percent) are either independent self-employed workers (14 percent) or small business owners (6 percent).” (p.2) Center on Aging & Work / Workplace Flexibility. (2005, November).Context matters: Insights about older workers from the National study of the changing workforce. (Research Highlights No. 01).Chestnut Hill, MA: Bond, T. J., Galinsky, M. E., Pitt-Catsouphes, M., & Smyer, A. M. Retrieved July 31, 2006, from http://agingandwork.bc.edu/template_highlights “This report is the first in a series of Research Highlights published by the Center on Aging & Work/Workplace Flexibility in collaboration with the Families and Work Institute that present the findings of in-depth analyses of the Families and Work Institute’s 2002 National Study of the Changing Workforce (NSCW). This first issue compares the personal characteristics, employment experiences, and attitudes of workers, 50 or more years old, who are wage and salaried employees, independent self-employed workers, and small business owners…The National Study of the Changing Workforce (NSCW) is conducted every five years. It surveys large samples of the U.S. workforce to collect information about both the work and personal lives of U.S. workers.” |
Flexible Work Options: Consulting, Contract Work, Self-employmentStatistic # 703Using data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) to examine the experiences of retirees who were aged 51 to 61 in 1992 and therefore who were 61 to 71 in 2002, Cahill and his colleagues found, “nearly half of self-employed FTC* workers who took on a bridge job were still employed in 2002 compared to only 37 percent of wage-and salary workers. In addition, while only 15 percent of wage-and-salary workers who took a bridge job have taken on a job in self-employment, 40 percent of self-employed FTC* workers took on a wage-and-salary bridge job. A similar story is observed with those who had taken bridge jobs but were out of the labor force by 2002.” (p.12) * FTC means full-time career. The authors, define full-time career (FTC) job as “one that consists of at least 1,600 hours per year (“full time”) and that lasts ten or more years (“career”).” (p. 8) Cahill, E. K., Giandrea, D. M., & Quinn, F. J. (2005, September 29). Are traditional retirements a thing of the past? New evidence on retirement patterns and bridge jobs. Working paper. Retrieved July 18, 2006, from http://ideas.repec.org/p/boc/bocoec/626.html "This paper investigates whether permanent, one-time retirements are coming to an end just as the trend towards earlier and earlier retirements did nearly 20 years ago. We explore how common bridge jobs are among today’s retirees, and how uncommon traditional retirements have become. Design & Methods: Using data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), we explore the work histories and retirement patterns of a cohort of retirees aged 51 to 61 in 1992 over a ten-year time period in both a cross-sectional and longitudinal context. Bridge job determinants are examined using bivariate comparisons and a multinomial logistic regression model of the bridge job decision.” |
Flexible Work Options: Consulting, Contract Work, Self-employmentStatistic # 379Men older workers (37 percent) were three times as likely as the women (12 percent) to indicate an interest in working as a consultant. (pp. 38-39) Parkinson, D. (2002). Voices of experience: Mature workers in the future workforce.
"Anticipating the impact of demographic trends on businesses, The Conference Board has been engaged in research examining the aging population, health care for retired employees, and the opportunities and constraints of employing older workers. The Board convened the Engaging Mature Workers Working Group in September 2000 to address the challenge of maintaining a productive workforce in an aging society. HR executives representing corporate staffing, benefits administration, and diversity management functions at 15 leading companies are lending their expertise to developing business strategies that maximize the talents of mature workers." |
Flexible Work Options: Consulting, Contract Work, Self-employmentStatistic # 378The 2005 Future of the U.S. Labor Pool Survey found that 33 percent of employers offer options for project-based work. (Table 5, p. 9) Society for Human Resource Management. (2005, June). 2005 Future of the “In February 2005, the Society for Human Resource Management (SHRM) conducted a survey on the labor pool with HR professionals. The survey explored workforce eligibility for retirement, competencies, school-to-work programs, incumbent worker training programs and dislocated worker training programs. At the same time, SHRM conducted a companion survey with individuals 55 or older regarding retirement. The following report provides an analysis of the survey results. Throughout this report, analyses by organization staff size, sector, profit status, industry, gender, current employment status and position are included, when applicable. Copies of both versions of the survey instrument are included at the end of the report.” |
Flexible Work Options: Consulting, Contract Work, Self-employmentStatistic # 724“Among workers (50 or more years old) wage and salaried employees are much more likely to be women (54 percent) than are self-employed independents (27 percent) and small business owners (37 percent).” (Table 1, p.4) Among men (50 or more years old) self-employed independents are much more (73 percent) than are wage and salaried employees (46 percent) and small business owners (63 percent). (Table 1, p.4) Bond, T. J., Galinsky, M. E., Pitt-Catsouphes, M., & Smyer, M. (2005). Context matters: Insights about older workers from the national study of the changing workforce.
“This report is the first in a series of Research Highlights published by the Center on Aging & Work/Workplace Flexibility in collaboration with the Families and Work Institute that present the findings of in-depth analyses of the Families and Work Institute’s 2002 National Study of the Changing Workforce (NSCW). This first issue compares the personal characteristics, employment experiences, and attitudes of workers, 50 or more years old, who are wage and salaried employees, independent self-employed workers, and small business owners…The National Study of the Changing Workforce (NSCW) is conducted every five years. It surveys large samples of the U.S. workforce to collect information about both the work and personal lives of U.S. workers.” |
Flexible Work Options: Consulting, Contract Work, Self-employmentStatistic # 725“Wage and salaried employees (50 years or older) are more likely to belong to racial minorities (17 percent) than self-employed independents (8 percent) and small business owners (11 percent).” (Table 1, p.4) Center on Aging & Work / Workplace Flexibility. (2005, November).Context matters: Insights about older workers from the National study of the changing workforce. (Research Highlights No. 01).Chestnut Hill, MA: Bond, T. J., Galinsky, M. E., Pitt-Catsouphes, M., & Smyer, A. M. Retrieved July 31, 2006, from http://agingandwork.bc.edu/template_highlights “This report is the first in a series of Research Highlights published by the Center on Aging & Work/Workplace Flexibility in collaboration with the Families and Work Institute that present the findings of in-depth analyses of the Families and Work Institute’s 2002 National Study of the Changing Workforce (NSCW). This first issue compares the personal characteristics, employment experiences, and attitudes of workers, 50 or more years old, who are wage and salaried employees, independent self-employed workers, and small business owners…The National Study of the Changing Workforce (NSCW) is conducted every five years. It surveys large samples of the U.S. workforce to collect information about both the work and personal lives of U.S. workers.” |
Flexible Work Options: Consulting, Contract Work, Self-employmentStatistic # 727“Small business owners, 50 or more years old, are somewhat more likely to be legally married (68 percent wage and salaried; 60 percent self-employed; 77 percent small business owners).” (p.4) Center on Aging & Work / Workplace Flexibility. (2005, November).Context matters: Insights about older workers from the National study of the changing workforce. (Research Highlights No. 01).Chestnut Hill, MA: Bond, T. J., Galinsky, M. E., Pitt-Catsouphes, M., & Smyer, A. M. Retrieved July 31, 2006, from http://agingandwork.bc.edu/template_highlights “This report is the first in a series of Research Highlights published by the Center on Aging & Work/Workplace Flexibility in collaboration with the Families and Work Institute that present the findings of in-depth analyses of the Families and Work Institute’s 2002 National Study of the Changing Workforce (NSCW). This first issue compares the personal characteristics, employment experiences, and attitudes of workers, 50 or more years old, who are wage and salaried employees, independent self-employed workers, and small business owners…The National Study of the Changing Workforce (NSCW) is conducted every five years. It surveys large samples of the U.S. workforce to collect information about both the work and personal lives of U.S. workers.” |
Flexible Work Options: Consulting, Contract Work, Self-employmentStatistic # 826"While 28% of respondents age 55-59 listed themselves as "self-employed or business owner," more than one-third (36%) of 60-65 year olds and 42% of 66-70 year-olds work for themselves. The oldest workers surveyed (age 66-70) also demonstrate a strong preference for part-time work. Of those currently employed, roughly two-thirds (76%) of 55-59 year-olds work more than 35 hours per week, while only 39% of 66-70 year-olds work that much." (p.7) MetLife Mature Market Institute. (2006, April). Living longer, working longer: The changing landscape of the aging workforce- a MetLife Study. New York, NY: MetLife Mature Market Institute, DeLong, D., & Zogby International. Retrieved August 10, 2006, from http://www.metlife.com/WPSAssets/93703586101144176243V1FLivingLonger.pdf "This study describes the decisions that older workers are actually making about work and retirement. It reports on their experiences more than their expectations of the journey into retirement, assuming that life stage is not defined by some date, but is rather an ongoing process… It consisted of an interactive online survey conducted by Zogby with a panel of 2,719 respondents. To qualify for the study, participants had to be between the ages of 55-70. Slight weights were added to region, race and gender to more accurately reflect the population of U.S. adults. A primary focus of the 50-question survey was to better understand the experiences and behaviors of the aging workforce, so the survey included many questions asked only of people who were still working or seeking work, either full- or part-time.” |
Flexible Work Options: Consulting, Contract Work, Self-employmentStatistic # 755“…wage and salaried employees, 50 or more years old, are more likely to be women (54 percent) than men (46 percent), while self-employed independents and small business owners 50 or older are much more likely to be men (73 percent and 63 percent) than women (27 percent and 37 percent).” (Table1, p.4) Center on Aging & Work / Workplace Flexibility. (2005, November). The diverse employment experiences of older men and women in the workforce. (Research Highlights No. 02).Chestnut Hill, MA: Bond, T. J., Galinsky, M. E., Pitt-Catsouphes, M., & Smyer, A. M. Retrieved July 31, 2006, from http://agingandwork.bc.edu/template_highlights “This report is the second in a series of Research Highlights published by the Center on Aging & Work/Workplace Flexibility in collaboration with the Families and Work Institute. These Research Highlights present the findings of in-depth analyses of the Families and Work Institute’s 2002 National Study of the Changing Workforce (NSCW). This report compares and contrasts the experiences of men and women, 50 and older, in the U.S. workforce. Gender is an important lens for examining the employment experiences of older workers, in part because the work and family histories of men and women tend to vary across the course of their lives…The National Study of the Changing Workforce (NSCW) is conducted every five years. It surveys large samples of the U.S. workforce to collect information about both the work and personal lives of U.S. workers.” |
Flexible Work Options: Consulting, Contract Work, Self-employmentStatistic # 754“Among older workers*, 74 percent are wage/salaried workers, 17 percent are self-employed independents, and 9 percent are owners of small businesses.” (Figure 3, p.4) * The authors define “older workers” as those “who were 50 or more years old in 2002. They represent the leading edge of the Baby Boomer Generation, who are turning 60 in 2006.”
Bond, T. J., Galinsky, M. E., Pitt-Catsouphes, M., & Smyer, M. A. (2005). The diverse employment experiences of older men and women in the workforce. (Research Highlight 02).
“This report is the second in a series of Research Highlights published by the Center on Aging & Work/Workplace Flexibility in collaboration with the Families and Work Institute. These Research Highlights present the findings of in-depth analyses of the Families and Work Institute’s 2002 National Study of the Changing Workforce (NSCW). This report compares and contrasts the experiences of men and women, 50 and older, in the U.S. workforce. Gender is an important lens for examining the employment experiences of older workers, in part because the work and family histories of men and women tend to vary across the course of their lives…The National Study of the Changing Workforce (NSCW) is conducted every five years. It surveys large samples of the U.S. workforce to collect information about both the work and personal lives of U.S. workers.” |
Flexible Work Options: Consulting, Contract Work, Self-employmentStatistic # 733“Older small business owners and self-employed independents are, by a small margin, more likely than wage and salaried employees to be highly satisfied with their lives, in general (51percent for small business owners and self-employed independents vs. 47 percent for wage/salaried employees).” (Table 7, p.11) Center on Aging & Work / Workplace Flexibility. (2005, November).Context matters: Insights about older workers from the National study of the changing workforce. (Research Highlights No. 01).Chestnut Hill, MA: Bond, T. J., Galinsky, M. E., Pitt-Catsouphes, M., & Smyer, A. M. Retrieved July 31, 2006, from http://agingandwork.bc.edu/template_highlights “This report is the first in a series of Research Highlights published by the Center on Aging & Work/Workplace Flexibility in collaboration with the Families and Work Institute that present the findings of in-depth analyses of the Families and Work Institute’s 2002 National Study of the Changing Workforce (NSCW). This first issue compares the personal characteristics, employment experiences, and attitudes of workers, 50 or more years old, who are wage and salaried employees, independent self-employed workers, and small business owners…The National Study of the Changing Workforce (NSCW) is conducted every five years. It surveys large samples of the U.S. workforce to collect information about both the work and personal lives of U.S. workers.” |
Flexible Work Options: Consulting, Contract Work, Self-employmentStatistic # 732“Small business owners (90 percent) are more likely than independent self-employed workers (83 percent) and wage and salaried employees (79 percent) to want to continue working in their current jobs in the coming year.” (Table 7, p.11) Center on Aging & Work / Workplace Flexibility. (2005, November).Context matters: Insights about older workers from the National study of the changing workforce. (Research Highlights No. 01).Chestnut Hill, MA: Bond, T. J., Galinsky, M. E., Pitt-Catsouphes, M., & Smyer, A. M. Retrieved July 31, 2006, from http://agingandwork.bc.edu/template_highlights “This report is the first in a series of Research Highlights published by the Center on Aging & Work/Workplace Flexibility in collaboration with the Families and Work Institute that present the findings of in-depth analyses of the Families and Work Institute’s 2002 National Study of the Changing Workforce (NSCW). This first issue compares the personal characteristics, employment experiences, and attitudes of workers, 50 or more years old, who are wage and salaried employees, independent self-employed workers, and small business owners…The National Study of the Changing Workforce (NSCW) is conducted every five years. It surveys large samples of the U.S. workforce to collect information about both the work and personal lives of U.S. workers.” |
Flexible Work Options: Consulting, Contract Work, Self-employmentStatistic # 731“Small business owners, 50 or older, are much more likely to have flexibility than wage and salaried employees, with independent self-employed workers falling in between.” (p.10) Center on Aging & Work / Workplace Flexibility. (2005, November).Context matters: Insights about older workers from the National study of the changing workforce. (Research Highlights No. 01).Chestnut Hill, MA: Bond, T. J., Galinsky, M. E., Pitt-Catsouphes, M., & Smyer, A. M. Retrieved July 31, 2006, from http://agingandwork.bc.edu/template_highlights “This report is the first in a series of Research Highlights published by the Center on Aging & Work/Workplace Flexibility in collaboration with the Families and Work Institute that present the findings of in-depth analyses of the Families and Work Institute’s 2002 National Study of the Changing Workforce (NSCW). This first issue compares the personal characteristics, employment experiences, and attitudes of workers, 50 or more years old, who are wage and salaried employees, independent self-employed workers, and small business owners…The National Study of the Changing Workforce (NSCW) is conducted every five years. It surveys large samples of the U.S. workforce to collect information about both the work and personal lives of U.S. workers.” |
Flexible Work Options: Consulting, Contract Work, Self-employmentStatistic # 729“Small business owners tend to spend longer hours at work each week than wage and salaried employees and, particularly, self-employed independents: 59 percent of small business owners work more than 40 hours weekly as do 52 percent of wage and salaried employees, in contrast to only 38 percent of self-employed independents who do so.” (Table 3, p.6) Center on Aging & Work / Workplace Flexibility. (2005, November).Context matters: Insights about older workers from the National study of the changing workforce. (Research Highlights No. 01).Chestnut Hill, MA: Bond, T. J., Galinsky, M. E., Pitt-Catsouphes, M., & Smyer, A. M. Retrieved July 31, 2006, from http://agingandwork.bc.edu/template_highlights “This report is the first in a series of Research Highlights published by the Center on Aging & Work/Workplace Flexibility in collaboration with the Families and Work Institute that present the findings of in-depth analyses of the Families and Work Institute’s 2002 National Study of the Changing Workforce (NSCW). This first issue compares the personal characteristics, employment experiences, and attitudes of workers, 50 or more years old, who are wage and salaried employees, independent self-employed workers, and small business owners…The National Study of the Changing Workforce (NSCW) is conducted every five years. It surveys large samples of the U.S. workforce to collect information about both the work and personal lives of U.S. workers.” |
Flexible Work Options: Consulting, Contract Work, Self-employmentStatistic # 728“Small business owners have much higher annual earnings ($114,102 average; $65,000 median) than wage and salaried employees or independently self-employed workers.” (Table 2, p.5) Center on Aging & Work / Workplace Flexibility. (2005, November).Context matters: Insights about older workers from the National study of the changing workforce. (Research Highlights No. 01).Chestnut Hill, MA: Bond, T. J., Galinsky, M. E., Pitt-Catsouphes, M., & Smyer, A. M. Retrieved July 31, 2006, from http://agingandwork.bc.edu/template_highlights “This report is the first in a series of Research Highlights published by the Center on Aging & Work/Workplace Flexibility in collaboration with the Families and Work Institute that present the findings of in-depth analyses of the Families and Work Institute’s 2002 National Study of the Changing Workforce (NSCW). This first issue compares the personal characteristics, employment experiences, and attitudes of workers, 50 or more years old, who are wage and salaried employees, independent self-employed workers, and small business owners…The National Study of the Changing Workforce (NSCW) is conducted every five years. It surveys large samples of the U.S. workforce to collect information about both the work and personal lives of U.S. workers.” |
Flexible Work Options: Consulting, Contract Work, Self-employmentStatistic # 366Among exempt (salaried) employees who indicated an interest in reducing their hours and working part-time, more wanted to work either as contractors or consultants (even if that resulted in a loss of benefits) rather than as a part-time employee of the company. Male older workers (37 percent) were three times as likely as the women (12 percent) to indicate an interest in working as a consultant. (pp. 36, 38-39) Parkinson, D. (2002). Voices of experience: Mature workers in the future workforce.
"Anticipating the impact of demographic trends on businesses, The Conference Board has been engaged in research examining the aging population, health care for retired employees, and the opportunities and constraints of employing older workers. The Board convened the Engaging Mature Workers Working Group in September 2000 to address the challenge of maintaining a productive workforce in an aging society. HR executives representing corporate staffing, benefits administration, and diversity management functions at 15 leading companies are lending their expertise to developing business strategies that maximize the talents of mature workers." |
